Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Attending to the Existential Experience.

Identifying and attending to the existential needs of persons with serious illness and their care partners are integral to whole-person palliative care (PC). Yet, many PC clinicians, due to individual factors and wider systemic barriers, are ill-prepared and under-resourced to navigate the existential dimension. In this article, written from clinical, research, and lived experiences, we offer tips to empower PC clinicians to understand, recognize, and respond to patients' and care partners' existential experiences by leveraging their existing skills, collaborating closely with colleagues, exploring their own existential experience, and implementing evidence-based interventions. We propose that by prioritizing existential care within PC, we can shift the culture of health care to better affirm the humanity of both patients and clinicians.

'I am just a shadow of who I used to be'-Exploring existential loss of identity among people living with chronic conditions of Long COVID.

Identity loss and (re)construction forms a central debate in sociology of chronic illness. Living with chronic/persistent health conditions may raise questions about how disruptions can touch upon and further threaten the very roots of existence, by which people reflexively perceive a coherent and stable sense of 'being-in-the-world'. Whilst medical sociologists have shown interest in 'existential loss' in chronic illness, this question remains largely underexplored. Adopting a qualitative study on Long COVID (LC) as an example, this article illuminates existential identity loss as a deeply painful experience of losing body as a fundamental medium to retain continuity and consistency of one's narratively constructed identity. Interviews with 80 LC sufferers in the UK revealed that living with persistent and often uncertain symptoms and disruptions can cause the loss of biographical resources and resilience, making it difficult to reflexively understand their own being within the world. Their dynamic responses to LC also highlighted how sufferers' longing for a narratively coherent self can profoundly shape the ongoing construction of their identity in chronic health conditions. These insights into the complicated and often hard-to-express existential pain of identity loss can also nurture more holistic understandings of and support for LC and chronic illness more broadly.

El tiempo de juego del niño se revela durante una sesión de juego dramático terapéutico / O tempo da brincadeira da criança revelado durante sessão de brinquedo terapêutico dramático / Child's playtime revealed during therapeutic dramatic play session

Introduction: playing, as an activity inherent to childhood, enables the child to acquire new knowledge about the world and to come across their own individuality expressing the world that is meaningful to him. The child's temporality composes his existence and drives him in the search for authentic existence. Objective: To describe the child's temporality during the stages of bonding and stopping playing in dramatic therapeutic play sessions. Method: phenomenological study in the light of the Heideggerian philosophical framework, with 12 children, aged between three and 11 years. For data collection, phenomenological interviews were conducted, mediated by the dramatic therapeutic toy. Results: the following thematic axis emerged: - The child's play time: being open. Conclusion: play reveals existential aspects of the child in chronological time and it fosters the sharing of new possibilities of relationship, in a free way, with the world. However, playing time might be elastic and negotiable according to individual need, so that all the expressions of the child becoming in their facticity during play would be considered. Therefore, regardless of the way and time they play, this study highlights the importance of respecting the child's existence at that moment.(AU)

Introducción: el juego, como actividad inherente a la infancia, permite al niño adquirir nuevos conocimientos sobre el mundo y encontrarse a sí mismo con su propia individualidad, expresando el mundo que le es significativo. La temporalidad del niño compone su existencia y lo impulsa en la búsqueda de la existencia auténtica. Objetivo: describir la temporalidad del niño durante las etapas de creación de vínculo y de cese del juego en sesiones de juego dramático terapéutico. Método: estudio fenomenológico a la luz del marco filosófico heideggeriano, con 12 niños, con edades entre tres y 11 años. Para la recolección de datos se realizaronentrevistas fenomenológicas, mediadas por juguetes dramáticos terapéuticos. Resultados: surgieron los siguientes ejes temáticos: El tiempo dejuego del niño: estar en apertura. Conclusión: el juego revela aspectos existenciales del niño en el tiempo cronológico y favorece compartir nuevas posibilidades de relación, libremente, con el mundo. Sin embargo, el tiempo dedicado al juego podría ser elástico y negociable según las necesidades individuales, de modo que todas las expresiones del devenir del niño en su facticidad durante el juego podrían ser consideradas. Por ello, independientemente de la forma y el momento en que jueguen, este estudio resalta la importancia de respetar la existencia del niño en ese momento.(AU)

Introdução: o brincar como atividade inerente à infância, possibilita quea criança adquira novos conhecimentos sobre o mundo e se depare com a própriaindividualidade, expressando o mundo que lhe seja significativo. A temporalidade da criança compõe seu existir e a impulsiona na busca pela existência autentica. Objetivo: descrever a temporalidade da criança durante as etapas criandovínculo e parando de brincar em sessões de brinquedo terapêutico dramático. Método: estudo fenomenológico à luz do referencial filosófico heideggeriano, com 12crianças, com idades entre três e 11 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadasentrevistas fenomenológicas, mediadas pelo brinquedo terapêutico dramático.Resultados: emergiu o seguinte eixo temático: O tempo de brincar da criança:sendo em abertura. Conclusão: a brincadeira revela aspectos existenciais da criança no tempo cronológico e, favorece o compartilhar de novas possibilidades derelação, de modo livre, com o mundo. No entanto, o tempo que brinca pôde serelástico e negociável mediante a necessidade individual, para que fossem consideradas todas as expressões da criança vir a ser na sua facticidade durante a brincadeira. Portanto, independentemente do modo e do tempo que brinca este estudodestaca a importância de se respeitar a existência da criança nesse momento.(AU)

Carrying Death: A Qualitative Study of Women's Bodily Perceptions After Their Baby Died in Utero.

When a child dies in utero death becomes an integrated part of the mothers living body and this complex experience places a heavy existential and bodily burden on a woman experiencing stillbirth. This study uses a phenomenological approach with focus groups and individual interviews and data is discussed within a theoretical existential framework. Interviews of six women who experienced stillbirth within a range of 5 years were performed in Denmark. The participants experienced the dissonance of carrying death in their living body, expressed heightened existential considerations, a sense of transgression and of feeling trapped in an unbearable situation, and an experience of both dislocation from their body and an extreme bodily awareness. The study generates new knowledge and understanding of the how stillbirth is experienced as incomprehensible and as a violent bodily invasion of death with deep existential impact.

Voiceless and vulnerable: An existential phenomenology of the patient experience in 21st century British hospitals.

Current health policy, high-profile failures and increased media scrutiny have led to a significant focus on patient experience in Britain's National Health Service (NHS). Patient experience data is typically gathered through surveys of satisfaction. The study aimed to support a better understanding of the patient experience and patients' expression of it through consideration of the aspects of the patient experience on NHS wards which are by their nature impossible to capture through patient satisfaction surveys. Existential phenomenology was used to develop an in-depth exploratory narrative, expressed through the voices of the participants. Data collection involved in-depth face-to-face interviews with 12 purposively sampled participants, with analysis by means of hermeneutics. Though the individuality of each experience was apparent and cannot be overemphasised, common factors emerging from the data included uncertainty and unexpectedness, suffering and finitude, the futility of feedback and bureaucracy and absurdity. Overall, participants demonstrated how their individual personalities and expectations affected their response both to illness or injury and to their hospital admissions, highlighting feelings of vulnerability and voicelessness as a response to hospitalisation. The findings of this study provide useful insight into the patient experience on British hospital wards, and the value of an existential-phenomenological approach is demonstrated.

Ontological insecurity in the post-covid-19 fallout: using existentialism as a method to develop a psychosocial understanding to a mental health crisis.

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic we are witnessing a significant rise in mental illness diagnosis and corresponding anti-depressant prescription uptake. The drug response to this situation is unsurprising and reinforces the dominant role (neuro)biology continues to undertake within modern psychiatry. In contrast to this biologically informed, medicalised approach, the World Health Organisation (WHO) issued a statement stressing the causal role of psychological and social factors.Using the concept of ontological insecurity, contextualised within the WHO guidance, the interrelation of psychological and social factors is illuminated, and a psychosocial framework is produced as a means of understanding the mental health consequence of the post-Covid-19 fallout.The psychosocial framework generated provides a rationale to revise and reprioritise how we engage with the biopsychosocial model that is intended to underpin modern psychiatry. This framework establishes a connection between psychological and social theory which are too often addressed as disparate terrains within mental health services and policy creation.

Existential Issues in Psychotherapy.

Existential issues are common in patient experiences and can present as themes in any practice setting, but particularly in psychotherapy. Existential issues are any concerns that arise from distress or questions about difficult subjects, such as death, meaning, freedom, and isolation, and can be a source of psychiatric concerns or simply a modifying factor. Because of this, clinicians should be able to recognize and understand the basic tenets of addressing existential issues in psychotherapy. This article outlines the historical context and theoretical basis of existentialism. It also discusses existential issues in relation to psychotherapy and provides practical clinical tips for addressing these issues with patients, including helpful probing questions, tips for noticing existential themes, and ideas about how to address existential issues in session.

The Experiences of Post-ICU COVID-19 Survivors: An Existential Perspective using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

COVID-19 has highlighted the vulnerability of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the negative sequelae associated with ICU treatment. While the potentially traumatic impact of ICU is well documented, less is known about the ICU survivor's subjective experience and how it influences life post-discharge. Existential psychology addresses the universal concerns of existence, including death, isolation, and meaninglessness, and offers a holistic view of human experience beyond diagnostic categories. An existential psychological understanding of ICU COVID-19 survivorship may therefore provide a rich account of what it means to be among the worst affected by a global existential crisis. This study employed interpretive phenomenological analysis of qualitative interviews with 10 post-ICU COVID-19 survivors (aged 18-78). Interviews were structured on existential psychology's 'Four Worlds' model that explores the physical, social, personal, and spiritual dimensions of human experience. The essential meaning of ICU COVID-19 survival was conceptualised as 'Trying to Reconnect with a Changed Reality' and consisted of four themes. The first, Between Shifting Realities in ICU, described the liminal nature of ICU and the need to ground oneself. The second, What it Means to Care and Be Cared For, captured the emotive nature of personal interdependence and reciprocity. The third, The Self is Different, described survivors' struggle to reconcile old and new selves. The fourth, A New Relationship with Life, outlined how survivors' experiences shaped their new worldviews. Findings evidence the value of holistic, existentially informed psychological support for ICU survivors.

Self-esteem and learning dynamics in nursing students: An existential-phenomenological study.

AIM: To describe nursing student self-esteem changes over time and its impacts on learning strategies. DESIGN: Existential phenomenology. METHODS: Interviews were conducted in Spring 2018 in a purposive sample of 39 nursing students, exploring events critical to self-esteem and their impacts. Transcriptions were analysed descriptively and interpretatively to decipher the process that links self-esteem, events and learning behaviour. RESULTS: What led to self-esteem changes were "relationships with nurses during internships" and "receiving evaluations." The students interpreted events and drew conclusions about their aptitude for nursing, which in turn prompted proactive or defensive learning behaviours. Their interpretations both depended on their self-esteem and impacted it, in a vicious or virtuous circle. Exploring self-esteem allows a better understanding of the importance of students' relationships with nursing teams, and of some of their defensive behaviours. Understanding the role of nursing student self-esteem in the learning process could help improve student well-being and competence.

COVID-19: uncertainty in a mood of anxiety.

This contribution to the Forum, Anxiety and possibility: the many future(s) of COVID-19, develops a conception of uncertainty as constituted by cognitive (awareness of possibilities) and affective (mood in which possibility is encountered) dimensions. Based on this conception, it is suggested that the COVID-19 crisis has led to a qualitative leap in our already growing sense of uncertainty, both accentuating our awareness of possibilities that are unforeseen, and rendering us attuned to the world in anxiety rather than fear.

Aspectos existenciais e bioéticos nos cuidados paliativos oncológicos / Existential and bioethical aspects of palliative care in cancer / Aspectos existenciales y bioéticos en cuidados paliativos oncológicos

Resumo O adoecimento grave lança o sujeito à facticidade da morte, que faz parte da experiência do viver. Realizaram-se 12 entrevistas com adultos em cuidados paliativos oncológicos, as quais foram analisadas sob a perspectiva fenomenológica, com descrição dos eixos de significado produzidos nas narrativas. Verificaram-se três dimensões do modo como as pessoas (re)organizam seus projetos de ser a partir do adoecimento e da finitude: espiritualidade/religiosidade; ser em família; relação com a morte. O significado atribuído às trajetórias existenciais e à relação estabelecida com projeto de ser são fundamentais para o paciente aderir ao tratamento e enfrentamento da morte. Além disso, ressignificar vida, doença e morte oferece alívio ao sofrimento e auxilia o paciente a dar sentido ao tempo que ainda lhe resta. Tais questões são importantes para refletir sobre a dimensão bioética nos cuidados paliativos e auxiliam no planejamento desta modalidade de atenção.

Abstract Severe illness places individuals in direct confrontation with death, an element of the experience of living. A total of 12 interviews were conducted with adults undergoing palliative care in cancer, and investigated by phenomenological analysis, describing the axes of meaning produced in the narratives. Analysis of the ways individuals (re)organize their life projects based on illness and finitude identified three dimensions: spirituality/religiosity; life in the family; relationship with death. The meaning patients attribute to existential trajectories and the relationship established with their life project are essential for treatment adherence and coping with death. Resignifying life, illness and death can relieve suffering and help patients give meaning to the time left. Such questions help us reflect on the bioethical dimension of palliative care and enable planning in this modality of care.

Resumen La enfermedad grave lleva al sujeto a la factibilidad de la muerte, una experiencia del vivir. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas con adultos en cuidados paliativos oncológicos; y para el análisis se aplicó la perspectiva fenomenológica, con una descripción de los ejes de sentido producidos en los relatos. Se encontraron tres dimensiones de cómo las personas (re)organizan sus proyectos de ser a partir de la enfermedad y la finitud: Espiritualidad/religiosidad; ser en familia; relación con la muerte. El sentido de las trayectorias existenciales y la relación con el proyecto de ser son fundamentales para la adherencia al tratamiento y el enfrentamiento de la muerte. Resignificar la vida, la enfermedad y la muerte alivia el sufrimiento del paciente y le ayuda a dar sentido al tiempo que aún le queda. Estos interrogantes permiten reflexionar sobre la dimensión bioética en los cuidados paliativos y auxilian en la planificación de ese tipo de asistencia.

The meaning of existence (bhava) in the Pali discourses of the Buddha.

This paper seeks to reconstruct the meaning of existence in the Pali discourses of the Buddha by considering how the notion is used in the most systematic contexts in which it appears, and how it could be best interpreted. The discourses are concerned with how existence is used to support and consolidate a certain attitude of ownership, appropriation, and entitlement over contents of experience, in virtue of which one can claim that this or that is 'mine'. The problem with this move is that it seems to require a degree of stability that is at odds with the fundamental uncertainty (anicca) of all conditioned realities. Existence is used to somehow cover up uncertainty, and thus allow for a semblance of genuine ownership and possession, while in fact possession and ownership are just deluded views doomed to be contradicted by the structural uncertainty of actual experience. This reading entails that the early discourses do share with later traditions an anti-realist inspiration, which is worth exploring in its own right.

Existential suffering in the day to day lives of those living with palliative care needs arising from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic integrative literature review.

BACKGROUND: The impact of living with palliative care needs arising from COPD disrupts an individual's existential situation. However, no comprehensive synthesis of existing research has been published to determine the presentation and impact of existential suffering. AIM: To provide a synthesis of existing evidence on existential suffering for those living with palliative care needs arising from COPD. DESIGN: This is an integrative review paper, undertaken using the methodological approach developed by Soares and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Data analysis was undertaking using an integrated convergent synthesis approach. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases were searched from April 2019 to December 2019. A second search was undertaken in January 2021 to identify recently published papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. No date restrictions were imposed. Only papers published in the English Language were considered for inclusion. Empirical research papers employing qualitative and/or quantitative methodologies and systematic literature reviews were included. Articles were accepted for inclusion if they discussed any component of existential suffering when living with COPD and palliative care needs. RESULTS: Thirty-five papers were included within this review comprising of seven systematic reviews, 10 quantitative studies and 18 qualitative studies. The following themes relating to existential suffering were found: Liminality, Lamented Life, Loss of Personal Liberty, Life meaning and Existential isolation. The absence of life meaning, and purpose was of most importance to participants. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests existential suffering is present and of significant impact within the daily lives of those living with palliative care needs arising from COPD. The absence of life meaning has the most significant impact. Further research is required to understand the essential components of an intervention to address existential suffering for this patient group, to ensure holistic palliative care delivery.

The Beauty of the House / La belleza de la Casa / A beleza da Casa

Abstract Personality is a complex, nuanced aspect of the human experience. In this paper, Nyary explores the theme of personality as it relates to Susanna Clarke's novelPiranesi.In this novel, the main character Piranesi, a London native, is trapped in the House, a labyrinth with hundreds of rooms, where he has no memory of his past life. Piranesi transforms into a different person after a prolonged stay in the House. As a consequence of human nature, individuals tend to create personas that they present to others to appear more likable while withholding their true personalities. Nyary asserts that the House represents one's true personality while London represents the version one shows to the world. Broadening the scope of this metaphor, Nyary emphasizes the importance of understanding and nurturing one's true personality and the implications this has for society.

Resumen La personalidad es un aspecto de la experiencia humana que es complejo y está lleno de matices. En este artículo, Nyary explora el tema de la personalidad en relación con la novela Piranesi de Susanna Clarke, cuyo personaje principal, el londinense Piranesi, está atrapado en la Casa, un laberinto con cientos de habitaciones, sin ningún recuerdo de su vida pasada. Tras una estancia prolongada en este lugar, Piranesi se transforma en una persona diferente. Lo anterior refleja que, como consecuencia de la naturaleza humana, las personas tienden a crear una imagen pública para parecer más agradables, mientras ocultan sus verdaderas personalidades. Nyary afirma que la Casa representa nuestra verdadera personalidad y Londres, la versión que mostramos al mundo. Al ampliar el alcance de esta metáfora, Nyary hace énfasis en la importancia de comprender y nutrir nuestra verdadera personalidad y las implicaciones que esto tiene para la sociedad.

Resumo A personalidade é um aspecto da experiência humana que é complexo e está cheio de nuances. Neste artigo, Nyary explora o tema da personalidade com relação ao romance Piranesi de Susanna Clarke, cuja personagem principal é o londrino Piranesi, o qual está preso na Casa, um labirinto com centenas de quartos, sem nenhuma recordação de sua vida passada. Após uma estada prolongada nesse lugar, Piranesi se transforma numa pessoa diferente. Isso reflete que, como consequência da natureza humana, as pessoas tendem a criar uma imagem pública para parecerem mais agradáveis, enquanto escondem suas verdadeiras personalidades. Nyary afirma que a Casa representa nossa verdadeira personalidade e Londres, a versão que mostramos ao mundo. Ao ampliar o escopo dessa metáfora, Nyary enfatiza a importância de compreender e nutrir nossa verdadeira personalidade e as consequências que isso traz para a sociedade.

The Medicalisation of the Female Body and Motherhood: Some Biological and Existential Reflections.

Maternity is a biological process that has increasingly changed into an authoritative medicalized phenomenon and requires techno-medical intervention today. Modern medicine perceives women's procreative functions as pathological that need medical involvement and control. Medical biologists claim that the female body is destined to procreate in which medical sciences can assist them with techniques. But is a woman's body biologically evolved merely for procreation? Or is it a sexist interpretation of her socially situated self? How can we justify the idea of universality and neutrality of medical sciences in a social context? Arguing against deterministic biology, existential feminists advocate that female body is not merely a biological fact but rather a social situation under which the maternal act has become the essence of being a woman. Social situations influence medicine in a way that they are used as a rhetorical tool to achieve social desires authoritatively. The present paper explores and examines the increasing medicalization of female body and maternity through the lenses of biological determinism and phenomenological existentialism. I argue that medically supported theories of female body are socially interpreted that perpetuate the traditional role of women as mothers instead of emancipating them from their immanence. The paper discusses how the scientific model of medicine is implicitly influenced by socio-cultural forces and, consequently, tries to reduce social phenomena into biological factors to justify women's inevitable destiny as motherhood. Thus, we need a de-medicalized model of medicine in order to comprehend the true meaning of maternal body and self.

Meanings of "the existential" in a Secular Country: A Survey Study.

"The existential" is a concept that many people use albeit associated with different meanings. In order to increase research-based insight into the meaning of "the existential," we conducted a questionnaire study in Denmark in 2018 in which we asked 1.106 Danes of various age, gender, educational and geographical background about personal associations linked to "the existential." Factor analysis of the answers resulted in three different groups of meaning: (1) essential meanings of life, (2) spirituality/religiosity and (3) existential thinking. The findings show that "the existential" serves well as an overarching construct potentially including secular, spiritual and religious meaning domains, at least within the European context.

Notes for life: a Henrian research methodology in psychology / Apontamentos para a vida: uma metodologia Henriana de pesquisa em psicologia

This study aims to consider a Henrian methodology in Psychology. It is a theoretical, cross-sectional study that, drawing on the phenomenological tradition in Psychology, seeks to structure a research itinerary in two dimensions or layers of appearance. 1st - the intentional classical phenomenology display, and 2nd - the essence of the Henrian phenomenology manifestation. This route follows phases ranging from the design of the research and the constitution of the phenomenological view, reaching the synthesis scenario in which researchers can draw their conclusions about the content of the experience investigated. The insertion of the essence dimension manifestation enriches the traditional phenomenological method, opening up to Psychology the possibility of exploring the pathos avec. It provides Psychology with a methodological route to understand the dynamics of human experience beyond the health-disease model. It is necessary to continue the research in view of the development of the measurement instruments.

Este estudo objetiva pensar uma metodologia Henriana em Psicologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica e transversal que, valendo-se da tradição fenomenológica em Psicologia buscará estruturar um itinerário de pesquisa em duas dimensões de aparição. 1º - Da mostração intencional, fenomenologia clássica, e 2º - Da essência da manifestação, fenomenologia Henriana. Esse caminho é feito por fases que vão desde o design da pesquisa e a constituição do olhar fenomenológico, chegando ao cenário da síntese no qual o pesquisador poderá fazer as suas conclusões sobre o conteúdo da experiência pesquisada. A inserção da dimensão da essência da manifestação enriquece o método fenomenológico tradicional abrindo à Psicologia a possibilidade de exploração do pathos avec. Oportuniza à Psicologia um caminho metodológico de entendimento das dinâmicas da experiência humana para além do modelo saúde-doença. É necessário continuar a pesquisa em vista do desenvolvimento dos instrumentos de aferição.

Teoria de médio alcance da dimensão existencial do ser no mundo da doença renal crônica / Middle-range theory of the existential dimension of the dasein in the world of chronic kidney disease

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é caracterizada pela perda progressiva e irreversível da função renal, acometendo milhões de pessoas no mundo, as quais necessitam realizar uma terapia renal substitutiva (TRS). Embora o avanço tecnológico e científico venha aperfeiçoando métodos terapêuticos pautados nas melhores evidências, muitas vezes se negligencia as complexidades presentes no ambiente de cuidado, como sentimentos, que são considerados evidências qualitativas, inerentes à dimensão existencial do indivíduo. Isto posto, se faz necessário resgatar a singularidade de um cuidado onde o ser humano é o foco. Acredita-se que, por meio de referenciais teóricos que orientem os enfermeiros a identificar esses sentimentos na prática clínica, eles poderão ser contemplados no planejamento do cuidado, tornando-o singular e completo. Justificativa: tem-se como tese que uma teoria de médio alcance fundamentada na Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem é relevante para embasar um modelo de cuidado ao paciente em TRS em direção a uma prática clínica que reconheça as evidências qualitativas do paciente, valorizando a dimensão existencial deste e do profissional de enfermagem. Objetivo: Desenvolver uma teoria de médio alcance da dimensão existencial do ser no mundo da DRC embasada na Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo (POLIT; BECK, 2011), com o referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados, segundo Charmaz (2009). O estudo foi realizado no Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. A amostra foi de 7 enfermeiros, 3 técnicos de enfermagem e 10 pacientes em TRS. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada de forma virtual por meio do aplicativo Zoom após a assinatura do termo de consentimento livre esclarecido (TCLE). Também foram criados memorandos. As entrevistas foram transcritas e, depois, analisadas no software NVivo 12, para realizar as codificações inicial, focalizada e axial, estabelecer as categorias com suas respectivas subcategorias e elementos estruturais baseadas no referencial teórico da filosofia existencialista e a Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem de Paterson e Zderad (1979). Resultados: Foram encontradas três categorias: 1) Desvelando o ser no mundo da DRC, com duas subcategorias: Ser enfermagem e Ser paciente, e dois pressupostos: Encontrando-se, Preocupando-se; 2) Contexto de cuidado, com duas subcategorias: Ambiente e Temporalidade, e um pressuposto: Passando o tempo; 3) Transcendendo o mundo da DRC, com duas subcategorias: Aceitando a DRC e Projetando possibilidades para transcender, e dois pressupostos: Motivando para transcender e Angústias do ser no mundo da DRC. Elas orientaram a construção da teoria, que está estruturada em quatro metaparadigmas, seis pressupostos, vinte conceitos e afirmações não relacionais, dezenove afirmações relacionais entre os conceitos, fundamentos teóricos e um modelo teórico. Considerações finais: A teoria da dimensão existencial do ser no mundo da DRC é abstrata o suficiente para ser aplicável a qualquer "ser" que adentra o mundo da DRC, em diferentes contextos, conferindo-lhe o nível de abstração de médio alcance. Contribui para consolidar a enfermagem enquanto arte e ciência, porque nasce da prática assistencial e da pesquisa, resgatando o que lhe diferencia nas disciplinas da saúde, que é o cuidado de excelência.

The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of renal function that affects millions of people around the world, who need substitutive Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Although technical and scientific advances have improved therapeutic methods based on the best evidences, the complexities of the work environment, such as feelings, are often neglected, despite being considered to be qualitative evidences inherent to the existential dimension of the individual. Consequently, it is necessary to recover a type of care where the human being is the focus. Through theoretical framework that can guide nurses to identify these feelings in clinical practice, these can be included in the planning of care, making it individualized and complete. Justification: A middle-range theory based on the Humanistic Nursing Theory is relevant to give the bases of a model for the care of the patient undergoing RRT, leading towards a clinical practice that recognizes the qualitative evidences of the patient and values their existential dimension, as well as that of the nursing professional. Objective: To develop a middle-range theory of the existential dimension of the Dasein of the CKD, based on the Humanistic Nursing Theory. Methodology: Qualitative study (POLIT; BECK, 2011) whose methodological references were based on the Grounded Theory by Charmaz (2009). The study was carried out by the Nephrology Service of the General Hospital of Porto Alegre. The sample included 7 nurses, 3 nursing technicians, and 10 patients undergoing RRT. Data were collected from January 2020 to January 2021 through semistructured interviews carried out online using the application Zoom, after the Free and Informed Consent Form (FICF) had been signed. Memorandums were also created. The interviews were transcribed and later analyzed in the NVivo 12 software for initial, focused, and axial coding, and for the establishment of the categories, the subcategories, and the structural elements based on the theoretical references of existentialist philosophy and on Paterson and Zderad Humanistic Theory of Nursing (1979). Results: Three categories were found: 1) Revealing the Dasein of the CKD, with two subcategories: Being Nurse and Being Patient, and two presuppositions: Finding oneself, and Worrying; 2) Context of care, with two subcategories: Environment and Temporality, and one presupposition: Passing time; 3) Transcending the work of CKD, with two subcategories: Accepting CKD, and Projecting possibilities of transcendence, and two presuppositions: Motivating for transcendence and Anguishes of the Dasein of CKD. They guided the construction of the theory, which was structured around four metaparadigms, six presuppositions, twenty concepts and non-relational statements, nineteen relational statements between the concepts, theoretical frameworks, and atheoretical model. Final considerations: The theory of the existential dimension of the Dasein of the CKD is abstract enough to be applicable to any "being" that enters the world of CKD in different contexts, thus being a middle-range level abstraction. It contributes to consolidate nursing as an art and a science, since it is born from the practices of care and research, recovering that which makes it unique among health disciplines, which is the excellence in care.

Existencialismo e o campo político carioca (1945-1955): um olhar fenomenológico-ator-rede / Existentialism and Rio de Janeiro's political field (1945-1955): a phenomenological-actor-network approach / El existencialismo y el campo político de Rio de Janeiro (1945-1955): una mirada fenomenológica-actor-red

O artigo apresenta a chegada do existencialismo de Jean-Paul Sartre ao Rio de Janeiro, então capital nacional, entre os anos de 1945 e 1955. O olhar para o tema se constrói pela conexão entre diferentes narrativas encontradas em dois jornais cariocas, A Manhã e Última Hora, em uma perspectiva que conjuga as propostas da fenomenologia como intencionada por Sartre e a Teoria Ator-Rede. Em especial, contam-se as histórias que conjugam o existencialismo e o campo político, arena de intensas disputas, sobretudo em função de um temor em relação ao comunismo. Da sucessão de narrativas, emerge uma compreensão da apropriação do pensamento do filósofo francês no país, permitindo entrever características locais imiscuídas nos textos jornalísticos.

The article presents the arrival of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism in Rio de Janeiro, the national capital then, between 1945 and 1955. The argumentative line is built upon the connection between different narratives found in two Rio de Janeiro newspapers, A Manhã and Última Hora, in a perspective that combines the proposals of phenomenology as intended by Sartre and the Actor-Network Theory. In particular, we tell the stories that combine existentialism and the political field, an arena of intense disputes, especially due to a fear of communism. From the succession of narratives, emerges an understanding of the appropriation of the French philosopher's thinking in the country, allowing us to glimpse local characteristics mixed in journalistic texts.

El artículo presenta la llegada del existencialismo de Jean-Paul Sartre a Río de Janeiro, entonces la capital nacional, entre 1945 y 1955. La mirada al tema se basa en la conexión entre diferentes narrativas encontradas en dos periódicos de Río de Janeiro, A Manhã e Última Hora, en una perspectiva que combina las propuestas de la fenomenología según Sartre y la Teoría Actor-Red. En particular, contamos las historias que combinan el existencialismo y el campo político, un escenario de intensas disputas, especialmente debido al miedo al comunismo. De la sucesión de narraciones, surge una comprensión de la apropiación del pensamiento del filósofo francés en el país, lo que nos permite vislumbrar características locales mezcladas en los textos periodísticos.

Understanding Wildlife Crime from Eco-Existential and African Perspectives: A Psycho-Philosophical Investigation.

Wildlife crime has huge consequences regarding global environmental changes to animals, plants and the entire ecosystem. Combatting wildlife crime effectively requires a deep understanding of human-wildlife interactions and an analysis of the influencing factors. Conservation and green criminology are important in reducing wildlife crime, protecting wildlife and the ecosystem and informing policy-makers about best practices and strategies. However, the past years have shown that wildlife crime is not easy to combat and it is argued in this article that there are underlying existential "givens" and culture-specific aspects that need to be investigated to understand why wildlife crime is still on the rise. This theoretical article explores (eco-)existential perspectives, Greening's four givens and selected African philosophical concepts, aiming to understand the complexities behind the prevalence of wildlife crime within global and African contexts.